Premier film du Cinema Novo à remporter un succès public appréciable (c'est, il est vrai, une de ses rares comédies), Macunaíma (1969) n'hésite pas à intégrer le comique des chanchadas si méprisées des spectateurs cultivés. Vedette du genre, l'acteur noir Grande Otelo y est un des interprètes du rôle-titre du roman parodique du moderniste Mario de Andrade (1893-1945). Aventures du héros sans caractère d'un Brésil qui veut se civiliser, caustique et mythique, Macunaíma rompt avec le réalisme en faveur du tropicalisme, vague de fond qui ébranla la culture brésilienne de la fin des années 60, aussi bien au cinéma qu'en musique ou au théâtre. Os Inconfidentes (1972) s'inspire d'une conspiration contre le pouvoir colonial au Minas Gerais au XVIIIe siècle. Ce n'est pas l'imagerie patriotique de l'Inconfidência Mineira qui intéresse l'auteur, mais la réflexion sur les rapports des intellectuels et du pouvoir, une recherche aussi de la vérité (coproducteur, la RAI le diffusa sous le titre La congiura). Guerra Conjugal (1974) adapte des contes ironiques de Dalton Trevisan. Nettement plus réussi est l'épisode réalisé pour Contos Eróticos (tourné en 1977) : le héros de Vereda Tropical fait l'amour avec des pastèques, sketch entièrement construit sur la faculté de suggestion des mots et des images. Dans O Homem do Pau-Brasil (1981), Joaquim Pedro de Andrade revient aux modernistes avec Oswald de Andrade (1890-1954) [précisons qu'aucun des Andrade cités n'appartient à la même famille]. Il s'agit d'une biographie très particulière du père spirituel du tropicalisme, l'auteur du Manifeste anthropophagique étant interprété simultanément par deux acteurs, dont une femme... Andrade est, au Brésil, un cas extrême d'exigence et d'originalité.▲
ANDRÉ (Marcel)
acteur français (Paris 1885 - id.1974).
Il sait nuancer ses rôles à l'écran tout en les maintenant dans une sobriété convaincante. Berlin et Hollywood l'attirent : le Procès de Mary Dugan (M. de Sano, 1929), Tumultes (R. Siodmak, 1932). Son rôle ambigu dans Baccara (Y. Mirande, 1936) donne la mesure de son talent. Cocteau l'emploie sur scène et au studio : la Belle et la Bête (1946), les Parents terribles (1949). Il a l'art d'imprimer son cachet à de brèves apparitions : la Vérité sur Bébé Donge (H. Decoin, 1952), Thérèse Raquin (M. Carné, 1953).
ANDREANI (Gustave Sarrus, dit Henri)
cinéaste français (La Garde-Freinet 1872 - Paris 1936).
Secrétaire de Charles Pathé, il est ensuite acteur dans les scènes à trucages de Gaston Velle, dont il devient assistant ; il collabore ensuite avec Zecca (Messaline, 1910). Devenu producteur, il réalise des films d'inspiration biblique (Moïse sauvé des eaux, 1911 ; Absalon, 1912 ; la Fille de Jephté et la Reine de Saba, 1913). Son Siège de Calais (1911) est apprécié pour le décor et les mouvements de figuration. Plus tard viennent adaptations de romans (l'Autre Aile [1924], inspirée de Canudo) et drames d'espionnage. Il participe au tournage de Napoléon (A. Gance, 1927).
ANDREEV (Boris) [Boris Fëdorovič Andreev]
acteur soviétique (Saratov 1915 - Moscou 1982).
Grand, massif, il est utilisé tout d'abord comme l'archétype du héros soviétique populaire : à la fois simple, optimiste, foncièrement patriote et inébranlable dans ses convictions. Il joue le rôle d'un conducteur d'engins dans la comédie kolkhozienne d'Ivan Pyriev les Tractoristes (1939), d'un mineur dans Une grande vie (id.) de Leonid Loukov, du cosaque Dovbnia dans Bogdan Khmelnitski (1941) d'Igor Savtchenko. On le retrouve matelot dans Moi, marin de la mer Noire (Ja, Černomorec, 1944) d'Aleksandr Matcheret, ordonnance dans Rencontre sur l'Elbe (1949) de Grigori Aleksandrov. Dans la Chute de Berlin (M. Tchiaoureli, 1950), le soldat qui hisse le drapeau rouge sur le Reichstag, c'est lui. Après Une grande famille (I. Kheifits, 1954), il est choisi par Dovjenko pour le Poème de la mer, que réalisera en 1958 la veuve du cinéaste disparu. Youlia Solntseva lui demandera deux fois encore (les Années de feu, 1961 ; la Desna enchantée, 1964) d'être l'interprète des ultimes scénarios de Dovjenko. Ses rôles deviennent plus nuancés, plus riches. Il tourne notamment dans ‘ Cruauté ’ (Žestokost‘, 1959) de Vladimir Skouibine, Thomas Gordeiev (id.) de Mark Donskoï, ’la Route du port‘ (1962) de Gueorgui Danelia, la Tragédie optimiste (1963) de Samson Samsonov, ’les Enfants de Vaniouchine‘ (1973) d'Evgueni Tachkov, ’les Aventures d'un retraité‘ (1980) de Salomon Chouster.
ANDREJEW ou ANDREIEV (André)
décorateur français d'origine russe (Saint-Pétersbourg 1887 - Loudun 1966).
Décorateur de théâtre pour Stanislavski à Moscou et Max Reinhardt à Berlin, il vient au cinéma avec Raskolnikov (R. Wiene, 1923). Toujours en Allemagne, il crée les décors de Thérèse Raquin (J. Feyder, 1928), Loulou (G. W. Pabst, 1929) et l'Opéra de Quat'sous (id., 1931) avant de suivre Pabst en France, où ils font ensemble Don Quichotte (1933). La puissance de ses décors, partagés entre réalisme et expressionnisme, a fait de lui un des grands décorateurs internationaux.
Parmi ses autres films, il convient de citer : Nuits moscovites (A. Granowsky, 1934) ; Mayerling (A. Litvak, 1936) ; le Golem (J. Duvivier, id.) ; la Citadelle du silence (M. L'Herbier, 1937) ; Tarakanowa (F. Ozep, 1938) ; L'assassin habite au 21 (H.-G. Clouzot, 1942) ; le Corbeau (id., 1943) ; Anna Karénine (J. Duvivier, GB, 1948) ; Alexandre le Grand (R. Rossen, 1956, US).
ANDRESS (Ursula)
actrice allemande (Berne, Suisse, 1936).
Elle fait ses débuts dès 1953 dans les studios romains, mais, malgré quelques figurations, elle attire plus l'attention par son mariage avec le comédien et réalisateur John Derek (en 1957) que par ses premières interprétations. La révélation — éclatante — lui vient près de dix années après ses débuts avec le premier des James Bond, James Bond 007 contre Dr No (1962), sous la direction de Terence Young et aux côtés de Sean Connery. Son maillot de bain extrêmement réduit et son fusil-harpon lui valent alors quelques rôles plus ou moins déshabillés. Adroitement utilisée par Robert Aldrich avec Anita Ekberg, Frank Sinatra et Dean Martin dans Quatre du Texas (1963), on se souvient surtout d'elle en déesse du feu dans She (1965) de Robert Day, de ses scènes d'amour avec Belmondo dans les Tribulations d'un Chinois en Chine de Philippe de Broca (1965), et de la personnalité qu'elle affirmait dans le Crépuscule des aigles, de John Guillermin (1966) avec James Mason et George Peppard. Depuis, sa carrière n'a cessé de péricliter. Elle ne tourne plus que des films de second plan : Soleil rouge (T. Young, 1971), le Choc des Titans (D. Davis, 1980).
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