À travers l'orage (D. W. Griffith, 1920) ; The Stealers (W. C. Cabanne, id.) ; Lucretia Lombard (J. Conway, 1922) ; Larmes de clown (V. Sjöström, 1924) ; le Prince étudiant (E. Lubitsch, 1927) ; The Trial of Mary Dugan (L. Veiller, 1929) ; Vies privées (S. Franklin, 1931) ; Femmes (G. Cukor, 1939).
SHEEN (Ramon Estevez, dit Martin)
acteur américain (Dayton, Ohio, 1940).
Né d'un père espagnol et d'une mère irlandaise, acteur pour la compagnie du Living Theatre tout en faisant de petits métiers alimentaires, il devient vedette de la télévision où il joue de nombreux rôles remarquables.
Au cinéma, on le voit pour la première fois dans une version d'un de ses succès scéniques : The Subject Was Roses (Ulu Grosbard, 1968) puis dans Catch 22 (M. Nichols, 1970). Mais c'est la très belle Ballade sauvage (T. Malick, 1973) qui, pour un temps, l'assimile à un nouveau James Dean. En fait, Sheen est un acteur très personnel, qui peut parfois en faire trop, mais qui, souvent, force l'attention. Il n'est pas toujours très judicieux dans ses choix. Cependant, son affrontement avec Marlon Brando dans Apocalypse Now (F. F. Coppola, 1979), dont il était le héros principal, reste certainement une de ses prestations les plus audacieusement réussies. Il joue en 1987 un psychologue aux prises avec le surnaturel et les sectes américaines dans Envoûtés de John Schlesinger et un technicien d'une compagnie aérienne aux prises avec les affairistes du milieu boursier dans Wall Street d'Oliver Stone où son fils Charlie Sheen tient l'un des rôles principaux. Il tourne comme réalisateur son premier film Cadence en 1990.
SHEN FU (Shen Baining, dit)
acteur et cinéaste chinois (Tianjin 1905-1994).
D'abord journaliste, il a moins de vingt ans quand il écrit son premier scénario pour la modeste société cinématographique de sa ville natale. Attaché à la compagnie Lianhua de Shanghai à partir de 1933, il écrit le scénario de l'Homme sans souci (Wuchou junzi, 1935), qu'il réalise avec Zhuang Guojun. Il écrit ensuite Du sang sur la montagne des loups (Langshan diexue ji, 1936) avec le metteur en scène Fei Mu, d'après une de ses propres nouvelles. Chassé l'année suivante de Shanghai par l'invasion japonaise, il se consacre durant plusieurs années au théâtre à Chongqing, Xian puis Chengdu, où il met en chantier un film demeuré inachevé. Revenu au cinéma en 1946, il réalise plusieurs films dont une adaptation des Clés du royaume de Cronin, tout en restant fidèle à son métier de scénariste (il est l'un des auteurs de Corbeaux et Moineaux (Zheng Junli, 1949). À deux reprises, il tourne un film biographique, Li Shizhen (id., 1956) et, après un séjour en URSS, où il travaille avec Rochal, Nouvelle Histoire d'un vieux soldat (Lao bing xin zhuan, 1959). Il s'attache à traduire l'évolution de la vie nouvelle en réalisant Mille fleurs font le printemps (Wanzi qianhong zong shi chun, id.), consacré à l'entrée des femmes dans la vie économique active. La Révolution culturelle suspend son activité. Après un silence de seize années (depuis Au nord aussi des terres fertiles [Beiguo jiangnan, 1963], l'un des deux films dont la virulente critique déclencha, avant la lettre, la Révolution culturelle dans le cinéma, en 1964), il signe avec Tian Ran l'Aurore (Shuguang) en 1979.
SHEN XILING (Shen Xuecheng, dit)
cinéaste chinois (province du Zhejiang 1904 - Chongqinq 1940).
Après des études à l'école des beaux-arts de Tokyo et plusieurs années d'activité théâtrale (acteur et metteur en scène), il aborde le cinéma en 1930 comme décorateur, puis comme réalisateur avec ‘ Cris de femmes ’ (Nüxing de nahan, 1933), consacré aux dures conditions de travail et d'existence de la main-d'œuvre ouvrière du textile, dont Xia Yan a écrit le scénario après une enquête approfondie. La censure du Guomindang en interdit la projection durant un an et ne l'autorise qu'après avoir procédé à de nombreuses coupes. À nouveau sur un scénario de Xia Yan, Shen Xiling récidive avec Vingt-Quatre Heures de Shanghai (Shanghaï ershisi xiaoshi, 1933), qui s'ouvre sur l'image d'un enfant-ouvrier blessé à son poste de travail. Après ‘ le Mal du pays ’ (Xiang chou, 1934), il aborde le problème de la prostitution avec ‘ la Batelière ’ (Chuanjia nü, 1935). Un des premiers cinéastes à s'engager aussi loin dans le traitement à l'écran des tares d'une société impitoyable envers les plus pauvres, il s'attache à mobiliser sur cet objectif les hommes de sa profession ; il est ainsi l'un des quinze critiques cinématographiques de gauche qui signent, le 18 juin 1932, dans le supplément cinéma du journal Chen bao, un manifeste intitulé Notre politique pour la critique de demain et il compte parmi les quelque trente membres du comité exécutif de l'Organisation culturelle du cinéma chinois, fondée en février 1933 à Shanghai. Après avoir renoncé, en 1936, à adapter ‘ la Véritable Histoire d'Ah Q ’ (AQ zhengzhuan) de Luxun, en raison de l'hostilité de l'auteur à un tel projet, il réalise ‘ Au carrefour ’ (Shizi jietou, 1937) avec un couple qui deviendra l'un des plus célèbres du cinéma chinois, Bai Yang et Zhao Dan. La même année, les Japonais occupent Shanghai, Shen Xiling quitte la ville, tourne sur le front plusieurs films d'actualités, s'intègre à une troupe de théâtre ambulante et gagne Hankou, où il commence ‘ Fils et Filles de Chine ’/‘ Enfants de Chine ’ (Zhonghua ernü, 1939), composé de plusieurs sketches propres à stimuler la résistance aux Japonais, qu'il termine à Chongqing après un an de prises de vues. C'est dans cette dernière ville qu'il meurt en décembre 1940. La réalisation de deux de ses projets est alors interrompue : c'est que Shen Xiling dérange. La censure du Guomindang interdira le tournage par ses camarades d'un film sur un de ses scénarios posthumes. Néanmoins, au cours de ses dix années de création, Shen Xiling se sera affirmé comme l'un des talents les plus brillants.
SHEPARD (Gil Ivy, dit Sam)
dramaturge, cinéaste, scénariste et acteur américain (Fort Sheridan, Ill., 1943).
Éleveur de chevaux, il part pour New York à dix-huit ans et écrit sa première pièce de théâtre, Cow Boy, en 1964. Après avoir participé, pour un temps, à la vie de bohème de Greenwich Village, il entreprend, tel un personnage de Kerouac, de longs voyages à la découverte des États-Unis, tout en s'affirmant comme auteur dramatique prolifique. Ses pièces, très représentatives des recherches expérimentales contemporaines, cherchent à briser les formes classiques et conventionnelles ; elles s'apparentent au pop art, aux mouvements inspirés par Jackson Pollock, à la technique du collage... Cow Boy Mouth (1971) en est une illustration évidente. Il obtient le prix Pulitzer en 1979 pour sa pièce Buried Child.
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