Chorégraphies. The Tavern Bilkers (1702) ; The Loves of Mars and Venus (1717) ; Orpheus and Eurydice (1718) ; Cupid and Bacchus (1719-1720) ; The Judgement of Paris (1733). Bibliographie. Ralph R., The Life and Works of John Weaver, Dance Books, Londres, 1985.
Carl Maria von WEBER (1786-1826).
Compositeur, pianiste et chef d'orchestre allemand.
Fils du directeur musical d'une troupe de théâtre ambulante, il apprend le contrepoint avec Michael Haydn, avant d'écrire son premier opéra à douze ans. Chef d'orchestre ou intendant à la cour des princes, il sillonne les provinces allemandes avant d'être nommé directeur musical de l'Opéra de Prague en 1813, et de Dresde en 1817. C'est sur sa suggestion que Friedrich Kind tire d'un conte de fées le livret du Freischütz : ce sera un succès mondial et le véritable acte de naissance de l'opéra romantique allemand. Mélodiste qui allie grâce et simplicité, orchestrateur d'une finesse et d'une concision hors du commun, il est le dernier des classiques et le premier des romantiques.
Sa place dans l'histoire du ballet tient à une pièce de piano, l'Invitation à la danse (G. *Balanchine, 1924; A. *Milloss, 1934), orchestrée par H. *Berlioz, qui est à l'origine d'un des plus éclatants succès des *Ballets Russes, le *Spectre de la rose (M. *Fokine, 1911, avec V. *Nijinski dans le rôle-titre), maintes fois reprise par la suite. D'autres chorégraphes se sont intéressés aux scènes dansées de l'opéra Obéron (J. *Charrat, 1950 ; D. *Larrieu, 1986).
BT
Anton WEBERN (1883-1945).
Compositeur autrichien.
Il étudie la musicologie à l'université de Vienne. La rencontre avec A. *Schönberg (1904), qui sera son professeur jusqu'en 1908, détermine sa vocation et ses idéaux. Chef d'orchestre autodidacte, il gagne sa vie en dirigeant des orchestres de province, puis après la Première Guerre mondiale, il est nommé à la tête de l'Opéra allemand de Prague. Sa musique étant interdite à partir de 1933, sa vie devient de plus en plus précaire et isolée. Un soldat américain le tue par inadvertance en 1945. Ses œuvres miniatures et énigmatiques circonscrivent, dans une tension toujours suspendue, les limites entre la musique et le silence.
L'extrême abstraction de sa musique a intrigué de nombreux chorégraphes de la seconde moitié du xxe siècle : M. *Graham, qui sur la demande de G. *Balanchine a chorégraphié la première partie de son Épisodes (1959), considérait que sa musique est impossible à danser ; M. *Béjart, en revanche, dans Webern opus 5 (1966), traduit à la fois l'angoisse et la perfection formelle de cette musique en faisant varier des figures géométriques représentées par un couple de danseurs, tandis que le mysticisme des Cantates illumine la première partie de À la recherche de... (1968). Dans Suite viennoise (1962) c'est sur sa musique que Béjart chorégraphie la partie « le Temps ».
BT
Sur la musique de Webern. Dreams (A. *Sokolow, 1961) ; J. *Cranko (Opus 1, 1965) ; J. *Babilée (Haï-kaï, 1969) ; A. *Milloss (Panta rhei, 1972) ; G. *Tetley (Contredances, 1979) ; J. *Kylian (No More Play, 1988 ; Sweet Dreams, 1990) ; R. *Petit (Passacaille, 1994).
Clara WEBSTER (1821-1844).
Danseuse britannique.
Après des débuts avec son frère en 1830, elle se produit en 1836 au Haymarket Theatre de Londres et participe à des tournées en Irlande et dans le nord de l'Angleterre. Elle est l'une des premières danseuses britanniques à interpréter *cachuchas, *cracoviennes et tyroliennes. Elle meurt de ses brûlures, son costume s'étant enflammé en pleine représentation de The Revolt of the Harem au Drury Lane Theatre.
CH
Bibliogaphie. I. Guest, Victorian Ballet-Girl, éd., lieu, 1957.
Charles WEIDMAN (1901-1975).
Danseur, chorégraphe et pédagogue américain.
Il grandit à Lincoln (Nebraska), sa ville natale, où il commence à étudier la danse parallèlement à des études brillantes, révélant des talents pour le dessin et un goût prononcé pour l'histoire et l'architecture. C'est aussi à Lincoln qu'il voit danser R. *Saint Denis en 1916. S'inspirant de son travail, il compose alors une série de solos qu'il présente en 1919, puis rejoint en 1920 le *Denishawn qu'il quitte en 1928 avec D. *Humphrey et P. *Lawrence pour ouvrir une école et former une compagnie. Avec Humphrey, il travaille aussi sur *Broadway. Leur association se poursuit sous divers noms jusqu'en 1945. Weidman continue alors à enseigner et fonde avec des élèves le Theatre Dance en 1947. En 1960, il s'associe avec le sculpteur Mikhail Santaro et ouvre avec lui un studio à New York baptisé Expression of Two Arts Theatre. Vizualisations from a Farm in New Jersey, sa dernière création, en hommage à Saint Denis, est présentée durant la saison 1974-1975.
Weidman est l'une des premières grandes figures masculines de la *modern dance américaine. Son enseignement favorisera d'ailleurs l'émergence d'interprètes masculins : J. *Limón, W. *Bales, B. *Fosse, entre autres, étudieront avec lui. Danseur remarquable, il se distingue en outre par ses talents de comédiens et sa capacité à capter le mouvement observé chez les autres pour en faire le matériel de sa danse (On my Mother' Side, 1940 ; Flickers, 1942). Moins tourné vers le mouvement pur que Humphrey, il introduit dans ses créations humour et ironie pour aborder des thèmes à forte implication sociale : Fables for Our Time (1947), The War Between Men and Women (1947), Is Sex necessary ? (1959).
PLM
Autres chorégraphies. Ringside (1928), Kinetic Pantomime (1934), Quest (1936), A House Divided (1945), Brahms Waltzes (1967), Letters to Mrs Bixby (1972).
Hans WEIDT, [ou W. Jean ] (1904-1992).
Danseur, chorégraphe et pédagogue allemand.
Né à Hambourg, il s'initie à la danse dans un groupe folklorique, puis avec S. *Leeder et Olga Brandt-Knack. Jardinier, issu d'un milieu ouvrier, il poursuit dans son œuvre la recherche d'une danse capable de changer les injustices sociales. Avec son premier groupe, qui rassemble des chômeurs (1925-1929), et son deuxième groupe, Die rote Tänzer (1929-1933), il présente dans les théâtres et les rassemblements communistes des chorégraphies à mi-chemin entre la *pantomime, le Tanzdrama et l'agit-prop. Après avoir été arrêté en 1933 pour sa danse masquée Potsdam, il participe à l'olympiade des travailleurs à Moscou et, de là, émigre. Jusqu'en 1939, il partage sa vie entre Paris, Moscou et Prague, poursuivant sans relâche (jusque dans l'illégalité) sa collaboration avec les artistes engagés et les organisations communistes qu'il croise. Ainsi, à Paris, il travaille pour le parti communiste, se lie avec Jean-Louis Barrault et J. *Cocteau et crée les Ballets Weidt (Sous les ponts de Paris, 1937). À la déclaration de la guerre, il est déporté en Algérie comme apatride, puis s'engage dans l'armée britannique. En 1946, il fonde le Ballet des arts à Paris, où dansent D. et F. *Dupuy, et obtient la médaille d'or au Concours de Copenhague avec la *Cellule. De retour en Allemagne en 1948, il dirige le groupe et l'École de danse de la Volksbühne, puis relance le forum des Heures de la danse (1978-1984). Entre-temps, il travaille comme chorégraphe indépendant et crée un groupe expérimental de jeunes danseurs à l'Opéra-Comique de Berlin (1958-1966), pour lequel il crée notamment No pasarán (1960). Sans jamais renier ses convictions, il se heurte cependant aux exigences du réalisme-socialiste. La force d'expression de sa danse, critique, pleine d'amour pour les opprimés, semble s'être mieux épanouie en France, où il a laissé de fortes traces dans le milieu de la danse et du théâtre.
>
We Care About Your Privacy
We and our 909 partners store and access personal data, like browsing data or unique identifiers, on your device. Selecting "I Accept" enables tracking technologies to support the purposes shown under "we and our partners process data to provide," whereas selecting "Reject All" or withdrawing your consent will disable them. If trackers are disabled, some content and ads you see may not be as relevant to you. You can resurface this menu to change your choices or withdraw consent at any time by clicking the ["privacy preferences"] link on the bottom of the webpage [or the floating icon on the bottom-left of the webpage, if applicable]. Your choices will have effect within our Website. For more details, refer to our Privacy Policy.
We and our partners process data to provide:
Use precise geolocation data. Actively scan device characteristics for identification. Store and/or access information on a device. Personalised advertising and content, advertising and content measurement, audience research and services development.
About Your Privacy
Your Privacy
Targeting Cookies
Functional Cookies
Performance Cookies
Strictly Necessary Cookies
Store and/or access information on a device 736 partners can use this purpose
Personalised advertising and content, advertising and content measurement, audience research and services development 875 partners can use this purpose
Use precise geolocation data 280 partners can use this special feature
Actively scan device characteristics for identification 148 partners can use this special feature
Ensure security, prevent and detect fraud, and fix errors 562 partners can use this special purpose
Deliver and present advertising and content 564 partners can use this special purpose
Match and combine data from other data sources 404 partners can use this feature
Link different devices 349 partners can use this feature
Identify devices based on information transmitted automatically 535 partners can use this feature
Save and communicate privacy choices 405 partners can use this special purpose
Your Privacy
We process your data to deliver content or advertisements and measure the delivery of such content or advertisements to extract insights about our website. We share this information with our partners on the basis of consent. You may exercise your right to consent, based on a specific purpose below or at a partner level in the link under each purpose. Some vendors may process your data based on their legitimate interests, which does not require your consent. You cannot object to tracking technologies placed to ensure security, prevent fraud, fix errors, or deliver and present advertising and content, and precise geolocation data and active scanning of device characteristics for identification may be used to support this purpose. This exception does not apply to targeted advertising. These choices will be signaled to our vendors participating in the Transparency and Consent Framework.
More information
Targeting Cookies
These cookies may be set through our site by our advertising partners. They may be used by those companies to build a profile of your interests and show you relevant adverts on other sites. They do not store directly personal information, but are based on uniquely identifying your browser and internet device. If you do not allow these cookies, you will experience less targeted advertising.
Functional Cookies
These cookies enable the website to provide enhanced functionality and personalisation. They may be set by us or by third party providers whose services we have added to our pages. If you do not allow these cookies then some or all of these services may not function properly.
Performance Cookies
These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. They help us to know which pages are the most and least popular and see how visitors move around the site. All information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance.
Strictly Necessary Cookies
Always Active
These cookies are necessary for the website to function and cannot be switched off in our systems. They are usually only set in response to actions made by you which amount to a request for services, such as setting your privacy preferences, logging in or filling in forms. You can set your browser to block or alert you about these cookies, but some parts of the site will not then work. These cookies do not store any personally identifiable information.
Store and/or access information on a device 736 partners can use this purpose
Cookies, device or similar online identifiers (e.g. login-based identifiers, randomly assigned identifiers, network based identifiers) together with other information (e.g. browser type and information, language, screen size, supported technologies etc.) can be stored or read on your device to recognise it each time it connects to an app or to a website, for one or several of the purposes presented here.
Personalised advertising and content, advertising and content measurement, audience research and services development 875 partners can use this purpose
Use limited data to select advertising 698 partners can use this purpose
Advertising presented to you on this service can be based on limited data, such as the website or app you are using, your non-precise location, your device type or which content you are (or have been) interacting with (for example, to limit the number of times an ad is presented to you).
Create profiles for personalised advertising 554 partners can use this purpose
Information about your activity on this service (such as forms you submit, content you look at) can be stored and combined with other information about you (for example, information from your previous activity on this service and other websites or apps) or similar users. This is then used to build or improve a profile about you (that might include possible interests and personal aspects). Your profile can be used (also later) to present advertising that appears more relevant based on your possible interests by this and other entities.
Use profiles to select personalised advertising 554 partners can use this purpose
Advertising presented to you on this service can be based on your advertising profiles, which can reflect your activity on this service or other websites or apps (like the forms you submit, content you look at), possible interests and personal aspects.
Create profiles to personalise content 245 partners can use this purpose
Information about your activity on this service (for instance, forms you submit, non-advertising content you look at) can be stored and combined with other information about you (such as your previous activity on this service or other websites or apps) or similar users. This is then used to build or improve a profile about you (which might for example include possible interests and personal aspects). Your profile can be used (also later) to present content that appears more relevant based on your possible interests, such as by adapting the order in which content is shown to you, so that it is even easier for you to find content that matches your interests.
Use profiles to select personalised content 219 partners can use this purpose
Content presented to you on this service can be based on your content personalisation profiles, which can reflect your activity on this or other services (for instance, the forms you submit, content you look at), possible interests and personal aspects. This can for example be used to adapt the order in which content is shown to you, so that it is even easier for you to find (non-advertising) content that matches your interests.
Measure advertising performance 799 partners can use this purpose
Information regarding which advertising is presented to you and how you interact with it can be used to determine how well an advert has worked for you or other users and whether the goals of the advertising were reached. For instance, whether you saw an ad, whether you clicked on it, whether it led you to buy a product or visit a website, etc. This is very helpful to understand the relevance of advertising campaigns.
Measure content performance 389 partners can use this purpose
Information regarding which content is presented to you and how you interact with it can be used to determine whether the (non-advertising) content e.g. reached its intended audience and matched your interests. For instance, whether you read an article, watch a video, listen to a podcast or look at a product description, how long you spent on this service and the web pages you visit etc. This is very helpful to understand the relevance of (non-advertising) content that is shown to you.
Understand audiences through statistics or combinations of data from different sources 507 partners can use this purpose
Reports can be generated based on the combination of data sets (like user profiles, statistics, market research, analytics data) regarding your interactions and those of other users with advertising or (non-advertising) content to identify common characteristics (for instance, to determine which target audiences are more receptive to an ad campaign or to certain contents).
Develop and improve services 596 partners can use this purpose
Information about your activity on this service, such as your interaction with ads or content, can be very helpful to improve products and services and to build new products and services based on user interactions, the type of audience, etc. This specific purpose does not include the development or improvement of user profiles and identifiers.
Use limited data to select content 159 partners can use this purpose
Content presented to you on this service can be based on limited data, such as the website or app you are using, your non-precise location, your device type, or which content you are (or have been) interacting with (for example, to limit the number of times a video or an article is presented to you).
Use precise geolocation data 280 partners can use this special feature
With your acceptance, your precise location (within a radius of less than 500 metres) may be used in support of the purposes explained in this notice.
Actively scan device characteristics for identification 148 partners can use this special feature
With your acceptance, certain characteristics specific to your device might be requested and used to distinguish it from other devices (such as the installed fonts or plugins, the resolution of your screen) in support of the purposes explained in this notice.
Ensure security, prevent and detect fraud, and fix errors 562 partners can use this special purpose
Always Active
Your data can be used to monitor for and prevent unusual and possibly fraudulent activity (for example, regarding advertising, ad clicks by bots), and ensure systems and processes work properly and securely. It can also be used to correct any problems you, the publisher or the advertiser may encounter in the delivery of content and ads and in your interaction with them.
Deliver and present advertising and content 564 partners can use this special purpose
Always Active
Certain information (like an IP address or device capabilities) is used to ensure the technical compatibility of the content or advertising, and to facilitate the transmission of the content or ad to your device.
Match and combine data from other data sources 404 partners can use this feature
Always Active
Information about your activity on this service may be matched and combined with other information relating to you and originating from various sources (for instance your activity on a separate online service, your use of a loyalty card in-store, or your answers to a survey), in support of the purposes explained in this notice.
Link different devices 349 partners can use this feature
Always Active
In support of the purposes explained in this notice, your device might be considered as likely linked to other devices that belong to you or your household (for instance because you are logged in to the same service on both your phone and your computer, or because you may use the same Internet connection on both devices).
Identify devices based on information transmitted automatically 535 partners can use this feature
Always Active
Your device might be distinguished from other devices based on information it automatically sends when accessing the Internet (for instance, the IP address of your Internet connection or the type of browser you are using) in support of the purposes exposed in this notice.
Save and communicate privacy choices 405 partners can use this special purpose
Always Active
The choices you make regarding the purposes and entities listed in this notice are saved and made available to those entities in the form of digital signals (such as a string of characters). This is necessary in order to enable both this service and those entities to respect such choices.