Sous ses différents noms, le Littlefield Ballet reste une compagnie pionnière : première troupe de ballet des États-Unis entièrement constituée d'interprètes américains, elle est aussi la première à produire l'intégrale de la *Belle au bois dormant en 1937 et la première à effectuer une tournée européenne (Paris, Londres, Bruxelles) également en 1937. Compagnie de répertoire, elle crée en outre des œuvres typiquement américaines signées principalement par C. Littlefield qui s'inspire souvent de thèmes historiques ou sociaux comme dans sa célèbre *Barn Dance (1937) ou dans Terminal (1937). La chorégraphe sait de plus mettre à profit son expérience de la scène musicale comme en témoigne notamment la création pour 90 bicyclettes qu'elle présente à l'occasion de la Foire internationale de Philadelphie en 1940.
MK
Lituanie (Ballet national de).
Compagnie lituanienne attachée au Théâtre national de Vilnius.
Dans les années 1920, une troupe se constitue au sein de l'opéra de Kaunas, capitale de la Lituanie qui vient d'obtenir son indépendance. Son activité est d'abord dominée par d'anciens danseurs des *Ballets russes qui y remontent des œuvres du répertoire diaghilévien, jusqu'à ce que s'affirme, au milieu des années 1930, le premier chorégraphe lituanien, Bronius Kelbauskas, qui signe de nombreuses créations mêlant danse classique et motifs du folklore national. L'invasion du pays par l'Union soviétique en 1940, puis par l'Allemagne (1941-1944), entraîne le départ de la majorité des danseurs.
En 1948, le ballet est transféré à Vilnius, qui a retrouvé son statut de capitale historique du pays, devenu entre-temps République soviétique. Vytautas Grivickas, chorégraphe principal (1952-1976), monte des œuvres à partir de danses populaires stylisées, tandis que son collègue Elegijus Bukaitis (1974-1977) signe des ballets non narratifs. Après Vytautas Brazdylis (1978-1990), c'est Tatiana Sedounova qui reprend, en 1992, la direction artistique du ballet comptant soixante-quinze danseurs, dont Églé Spokaité, lauréate de nombreuses compétitions internationales, et son partenaire Edvardas Smalakys. Dominé par les œuvres russes (classiques du XIXe siècle, productions du XXe siècle), le répertoire comporte aussi des ballets de M.-E. *Murdmaa et s'ouvre aux créations contemporaines de chorégraphes lituaniens tel Jurijus Smorinagas.
BH
Katherine LITZ (1918-1978).
Danseuse, chorégraphe et pédagogue américaine.
Née à Denver, elle étudie la danse avec D. *Humphrey et C. *Weidman, la composition avec L. *Horst, et s'initie au chant et à l'art dramatique. Elle entre dans la compagnie Humphrey-Weidman (1936) puis dans celle d'A. *De Mille (1940-1942) et se produit sur *Broadway. Enseignante à *Black Mountain College à l'époque ou M. *Cunningham et J. *Cage s'y retrouvent, elle collabore aussi aux activités du *Jacob's Pillow et de l'*American Dance Festival. Elle est également associée informellement au groupe du *Judson quoique n'ayant pas participé à ses premiers concerts.
En 1948 elle présente ses premiers solos, genre pour lequel elle reste le plus connue : Daughter of Virtue (1949), The Glyph (1951, mus. L. *Harrison), Homage to Lillian Gish (1978), etc. Elle crée aussi des pièces de groupe - dont Dracula (1959) est la plus belle réussite - sans maintenir toutefois une compagnie permanente. Elle développe une technique qui fait travailler chaque partie du corps séparément, créant des gestes basés sur l'opposition. Son talent protéiforme de danseuse et d'actrice lui permet de glisser sans difficulté de l'abstraction au théâtral, du sérieux à l'humour.
GV
Bibliographie. « K. Litz Co. », in J. Johnston, Marmalade Me, Wesleyan Univ. Press, 1971-1998 ; « The Reluctant Sowoff », in M. Siegel, At the Vanishing Point, Doubleday, 1973.
Emma Livry, [Emarot Emma-Marie, dite] (1842-1863).
Danseuse française.
Fille naturelle de Célestine Emarot, danseuse de l'Opéra de *Paris, et du baron Charles de Chassiron, elle est formée à l'École de danse de l'Opéra par Mme *Dominique. Ses débuts remarqués en 1858 à l'Opéra de Paris dans la *Sylphide lui attirent la protection de M. *Taglioni, dont elle devient l'élève puis l'interprète dans le *Papillon (1860). Sa prodigieuse ascension est tragiquement interrompue quand son tutu prend feu en 1862. Elle succombe à ses brûlures un an plus tard.
Danseuse exceptionnellement prometteuse, elle séduit par sa technique sûre (alliant vigueur, légèreté et précision) et son style d'une délicate élégance. Sa « grâce pudique », sa « virginale diaphanéité » évoquées par Th. *Gautier séduisent la Taglioni qui trouve en elle son héritière spirituelle. En seulement quatre années de carrière, la jeune ballerine s'impose comme l'une des grandes figures du ballet romantique et sa disparition prématurée crée un vide pour l'école française.
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Gweneth LLOYD (1901-1993).
Pédagogue, chorégraphe, et directrice artistique canadienne d'origine britannique.
Elle se forme d'abord en éducation physique, puis étudie la danse grecque antique et le ballet à Londres. En 1927, elle fonde une école de ballet à Leeds avec B. *Farrally, puis émigre avec elle en 1938 au Canada où elles fondent une école qui donnera naissance au *Royal Winnipeg Ballet. De 1939 à 1952, elle crée plus de trente œuvres sur des thèmes modernes évoquant souvent la vie dans la Prairie, dont Shadow on the Prairie (1952). En 1946, elle contribue à la création du festival d'été de la Banff Centre School of Fine Arts, manifestation qu'elle dirige après 1950. Elle fonde cette même année une école de ballet à Toronto puis, en 1957, avec Farrally, une autre à Kelowna (Colombie Britannique).
LHB
Autres chorégraphies. Kilowatt Magic (1940), The Wise Virgins (1942), The Shooting of Dan McGrew (1950).
Edouard LOCK (né en 1954).
Danseur et chorégraphe canadien d'origine marocaine.
De formation littéraire, il aborde très vite la danse par la création, avec Temps volé (1975), trio sensuel pour le groupe de M. *Époque, où, durant quatre ans, il crée des œuvres lyriques et théâtrales. En 1980, il fonde la compagnie Lock Danseurs qui devient La La La Human Steps (1985). Très vite reconnu, notamment avec *Human Sex (1985) qui lui vaut un Bessie Award (1986), il accepte des défis de création aux antipodes les uns des autres, le menant des compagnies classiques aux concerts de David Bowie et de Frank Zappa dont il partage l'énergie.
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