(italien groppo, nœud, du germanique *kruppa, masse arrondie)
1. Partie homogène d'un ensemble dans une classification : Division en groupes et en sous-groupes.
2. Ensemble de choses, d'animaux ou de personnes, formant un tout et définis par une caractéristique commune : Groupe ethnique.Le groupe des moyens et le groupe des forts.
3. Ensemble formé par des choses ou des êtres de même nature et, en particulier, ensemble défini par le nombre ou la quantité qui le constitue (par opposition à un) : Un groupe d'arbres dans le jardin.Marcher par petits groupes.
4. Formation d'orchestre, de choristes, de chanteurs, etc. : Aller écouter un groupe pop.
5. Ensemble d'écrivains, d'artistes que réunissent des affinités et des objectifs communs : Le groupe de la Pléiade.
Astronomie
6. Petit amas de galaxies.
Biologie
7. Subdivision usitée en classification zoologique ou botanique et dont on ne peut pas ou on ne veut pas préciser la valeur hiérarchique.
8. Réunion de figures et d'objets formant un ensemble ; en sculpture, en particulier, réunion de deux ou plusieurs figures en ronde bosse sur un même support.
Économie
9. Ensemble de sociétés financièrement dépendantes d'une société mère qui les contrôle. (Il n'y a pas, en France, de définition légale du groupe. Mais la consolidation des comptes, sur la base de certaines conventions, représente une reconnaissance officielle de l'existence des groupes.)
Électricité
10. Ensemble de dispositifs de même type couplés de façon à agir simultanément.
Mathématiques
11. Ensemble G muni d'une opération ⋆ interne dans G, associative, qui admet un élément neutre et telle que tout élément a un symétrique et un seul. [On note le groupe (G, ⋆).]
Militaire
12. Unité militaire tactique généralement composée de plusieurs batteries, compagnies ou escadrons, et placée sous les ordres d'un officier supérieur.
13. Formation élémentaire du peloton ou de la section, généralement composée d'une douzaine d'hommes.
14. Ancienne unité de combat de l'armée de l'air appelée aujourd'hui escadron.
Expressions avec groupe
De groupe,
qui est fait à plusieurs ou concerne plusieurs personnes (par opposition à individuel) : Travail de groupe.Billet de groupe.
En groupe,
à plusieurs, par opposition à individuellement.
Groupe de travail,
réunion de personnes qui étudient une même question.
Groupe d'intervention régional (GIR),
unité composée notamment de policiers, de gendarmes, de douaniers, d'agents du fisc, chargée dans chaque Région de lutter contre l'économie souterraine.
Astronomie
Groupe local,
petit amas de galaxies auquel appartient la Galaxie. (Il comprend une trentaine de membres, parmi lesquels les Nuages de Magellan et la galaxie M31 d'Andromède.)
Biologie
Groupe (systématique),
ensemble d'espèces proches, du point de vue de la systématique : Le groupe des passiflores. (La notion de groupe est indépendante des divisions traditionnelles de la classification, telles que l'embranchement, la classe ou la famille.)
Droit
Cabinet de groupe,
cabinet dont les locaux et parfois le personnel sont communs à deux ou plusieurs personnes exerçant une profession libérale.
Électricité
Groupe Ward-Léonard,
ensemble constitué d'un moteur à courant alternatif entraînant une génératrice de courant continu qui alimente directement l'induit d'un moteur à courant continu dont la vitesse et le sens de rotation sont réglés par le courant d'excitation de la génératrice.
Groupe générateur,
association de machines tournantes permettant de transformer l'énergie mécanique ou thermique en énergie électrique. (On distingue les groupes hydroélectriques et les groupes thermoélectriques.)
Enseignement
Groupe scolaire,
ensemble d'établissements scolaires (écoles maternelle, primaire, éventuellement collège) qui sont contigus ou très proches l'un de l'autre.
ensemble des modifications morphologiques, physiologiques et éthologiques que provoque le confinement de deux ou plusieurs individus de la même espèce dans un espace restreint.
Industrie du froid
Groupe frigorifique,
groupe motocompresseur, ou groupe compresseur-condenseur, ou système frigorifique préassemblé.
ensemble d'antigènes portés par les éléments figurés du sang et certaines protéines sériques, génétiquement induits et génétiquement indépendants les uns des autres et se répartissant en systèmes. (L'identification de groupes leucocytaires, plaquettaires et d'immunoglobulines conduit à une définition plus extensive des groupes sanguins, définition limitée à l'origine aux seuls groupes érythrocytaires.)
Groupe sanguin érythrocytaire,
groupe sanguin spécifique aux érythrocytes. (Les groupes érythrocytaires se répartissent en systèmes.) [On dit couramment groupe sanguin.]
Groupe tissulaire,
synonyme de système HLA.
Synonyme :
système HLA.
Militaire
Groupe d'armées,
réunion de plusieurs armées sous un même commandement pour une mission de caractère stratégique.
organe de défense d'intérêts ou de valeurs, qui essaie par divers moyens (campagnes, action directe, pressions, etc.) d'influencer la décision politique dans un sens qui lui soit favorable.
Groupe parlementaire,
formation permanente réunissant au sein d'une assemblée politique les élus d'une même tendance. (En France, le groupe doit avoir au moins 15 membres à l'Assemblée nationale et au moins 10 au Sénat.)
Presse
Groupe de presse,
ensemble de journaux qui appartiennent à un même propriétaire ou à une société mère.
Psychanalyse
Fantasme de groupe,
fantasme qui relie dans l'ordre imaginaire l'individu à un groupe ou à un corps social d'appartenance par lequel il échappe à sa finitude propre.
Imaginaire de groupe,
ensemble des fantasmes qui traversent un groupe à un moment donné.
Inconscient de groupe,
agencement de pulsions qui traversent un groupe, le constituent ou le détruisent.
selon J. Piaget, structure logique à la base de la pensée formelle de tout homme dans laquelle chaque opération identique (I) est à la fois l'inverse d'une autre (N) et la réciproque d'une troisième (R), celle-ci étant également la corrélative (C) [ou duale] de la première opération.
Groupe d'aide psychopédagogique (G.A.P.P.),
structure mise en place par l'Éducation nationale, fonctionnant pendant les heures de classe, comprenant un psychologue scolaire, un psychorééducateur et un orthophoniste, prenant en charge individuellement ou en petits groupes des enfants ayant des difficultés scolaires.
Groupe de base, groupe centré sur le groupe, groupe de diagnostic, groupe d'évolution, groupe de formation, groupe de sensibilisation,
synonyme de training group.
Synonyme :
training group.
Groupe de rencontre,
groupe centré sur l'évolution personnelle de chaque sujet qui le compose et généralement dans une visée thérapeutique variable selon la technique mise en œuvre (bioénergie, Gestalt-thérapie, notamment).
Sociologie
Groupe primaire,
groupe restreint de personnes communiquant entre elles directement.
Groupe secondaire,
groupe généralement important dans lequel les relations se font le plus souvent par personnes interposées.
Technique
Groupe hydraulique,
dans un circuit hydraulique, ensemble (filtres, pompes, etc.) permettant le conditionnement et la mise en circulation du fluide.
Télécommunications
Groupe de voies,
ensemble de voies de transmission multiplexées pour être transmises, amplifiées et traitées comme un tout.
Citations avec groupe
Pierre Joseph Proudhon (Besançon 1809-Paris 1865) L'homme vivant est un groupe. Philosophie du progrès
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